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Swedish A1 - LESSON 1
Nouns (Substantiv)
Nouns name people, places, things, or ideas.
Here you can read more about Swedish nouns.
đ€ People & professions
Â
en man â a husband / man
en fru â a wife
en son â a son
en dotter â a daughter
ett barn â a child
en flickvĂ€n â a girlfriend
en sambo â a live-in partner
en pensionĂ€r â a retiree
en frisör â a hairdresser
en webbdesigner â a web designer
en fotograf â a photographer
en lĂ€rare â a teacher
en servitör â a waiter
en tandlĂ€kare â a dentist
en student â a student
đ Places and institutions
Sverige â Sweden (no article used for countries)
Spanien â Spain
Argentina â Argentina
Australien â Australia
Tyskland â Germany
Italien â Italy
Trieste â Trieste (city)
Norrköping â Norrköping
Göteborg â Gothenburg
England â England
Other nouns
ett jobb â a job
en kurs â a course
ett sprĂ„k â a language
ett universitet â a university
en restaurang â a restaurant
en förskola â a preschool
ett namn â a name (implied in introductions like âJag heter…â)
en ekonomi â an economy (field of study in context)
đââïž Verbs
Verbs describe actions
| Infinitive | Present Tense | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| att heta | heter | to be called / to be named |
| att komma | kommer | to come |
| att vara | Àr | to be |
| att tala | talar | to speak |
| att prata | pratar | to talk |
| att bo | bor | to live / reside |
| att arbeta | arbetar | to work |
| att jobba | jobbar | to work (colloquial) |
| att plugga | pluggar | to study (informal, like "cram") |
| att studera | studerar | to study (formal) |
| att göra | gör | to do / to make |
| att ligga | ligger | to be located |
| att ha | har | to have |
| att söka | söker | to look for / to search / to apply |
| att bo ihop | bor ihop | to live together |
| att jobba extra | jobbar extra | to work extra (e.g. side job) |
đ Pronomen (Pronouns)
| Pronoun (Swedish) | English Meaning | Type |
|---|---|---|
| jag | I | Subject pronoun |
| du | you (singular) | Subject pronoun |
| hon | she | Subject pronoun |
| han | he | Subject pronoun |
| det | it (for ett-words) | Subject/object pronoun |
| vi | we | Subject pronoun |
| ni | you (plural) | Subject pronoun |
| de | they | Subject pronoun |
| min | my (en-word) | Possessive pronoun |
đš Adjektiv (Adjectives)
Adjectives describe or modify nouns
| Adjective (Swedish) | English Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| gift | married | Used with att vara |
| sambo | cohabiting (partner) | Often used as a noun too |
| singel | single | Loanword from English |
| bra | good | Common in positive reactions |
| kul | fun / nice | Informal, positive |
| pyttelite | tiny bit (very small) | Compound word (pytt(e) + lite) |
| svensk | Swedish | National adjective |
| schweizare | Swiss (person) | Used as a noun here, adj form = schweizisk |
| engelsk(a) | English | Adjective or noun (language) |
| tysk(a) | German | "" |
| italiensk(a) | Italian | "" |
| spansk(a) | Spanish | "" |
| extra | extra | Used as an adverb here ("jobbar extra") |
đ Adverb (Adverbs)
Adverbs describe how, when, where, or to what degree something happens.
| Adverb (Swedish) | English Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| inte | not | Negation (e.g., "Jag arbetar inte") |
| ocksÄ | also | Adds information (e.g., "Jag Àr ocksÄ sambo") |
| sÄklart | of course | Conversational tone |
| nu | now | Time-related |
| dÄ | then | Often used in responses ("Vad gör du dÄ?") |
| pyttelite | a tiny bit | Often considered an adverb in context |
| vÀl (not in this text, but common) | probably / surely | Common in spoken Swedish |
| ju (implied) | of course / as you know | Often softens statements in speech |
đ Prepositioner (Prepositions)
Prepositions show relationships in space, time, or association.
| Preposition (Swedish) | English Meaning |
|---|---|
| frÄn | from |
| i | in |
| pÄ | on / at / in |
| med | with |
| till | to |
| om | about / if |
| av | by / of |
â FrĂ„geord (Question Words)
| FrÄgeord (Swedish) | English Meaning | Used to ask about... | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vad? | What? | things, names, languages, etc. | Vad heter du? â Whatâs your name? |
| VarifrĂ„n? | From where? | origin or starting point | VarifrĂ„n kommer du? â Where are you from? |
| Var? | Where? | location or position | Var ligger Trieste? â Where is Trieste located? |
đŁïž FrĂ„geuttryck (Question Expressions)
| Expression (Swedish) | English Meaning | Structure / Use |
|---|---|---|
| Vad heter du? | Whatâs your name? | Vad (what) + heter (are called) + du (you) |
| VarifrÄn kommer du? | Where are you from? | VarifrÄn (from where) + kommer (come) + du |
| Vad talar du för sprÄk? | What language(s) do you speak? | Literally: What do you speak for language(s)? |
đ 1. Verb Position (Ordföljd â Word Order)
In Swedish, the verb is almost always in the second position of a sentence â even if the sentence starts with something other than the subject.
Statement (PÄstÄende)
| Swedish | English |
|---|---|
| Jag heter Maria. | I am called Maria. |
| Han bor i Göteborg. | He lives in Gothenburg. |
| Vi talar svenska. | We speak Swedish. |
Inverted Statement (for focus or time)
| Swedish | English |
|---|---|
| Idag jobbar jag hemma. | Today I work at home. |
| I Argentina talar de spanska. | In Argentina they speak Spanish. |
| Daniel heter jag. | Daniel is what Iâm called. (focus on name) |
â C. Question with Question Word (FrĂ„geord)
| Swedish | English |
|---|---|
| Vad heter du? | Whatâs your name? |
| VarifrÄn kommer hon? | Where is she from? |
| Vad talar du för sprÄk? | What language do you speak? |
â D. Yes/No Question (Ja/nej-frĂ„ga)
| Swedish | English |
|---|---|
| Kommer du frÄn Spanien? | Do you come from Spain? |
| Bor ni i Sverige? | Do you live in Sweden? |
| Talar han engelska? | Does he speak English? |
đ 2. Negation with "inte" (Not)
Swedish uses inte to negate verbs. It usually comes after the verb.
| Affirmative sentence | Negative sentence | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Jag arbetar hÀr. | Jag arbetar inte hÀr. | I do not work here. |
| Jag jobbar nu. | Jag jobbar inte nu. | I am not working now. |
| Jag studerar psykologi. | Jag studerar inte psykologi. | I am not studying psychology. |
đ 3. Verb Conjugation in Presens (Present Tense)
Swedish verbs donât change with the subject. The same verb form is used for all persons. In present tense: Most verbs end in -r
| Swedish | English |
|---|---|
| jag Àr | I am |
| du Àr | you are |
| han/hon Àr | he/she is |
| vi Àr | we are |
| ni Àr | you (plural) are |
| de Àr | they are |
